Is It ADHD or Anxiety, or Both?
Difficulty concentrating, restlessness, racing thoughts, procrastination, and sleep problems can all be signs of ADHD, anxiety, or both. Because these conditions share many overlapping symptoms, it can be difficult to know what is driving the challenges you’re experiencing.
Understanding the Difference
Although ADHD and anxiety can sometimes look similar, they are fundamentally different conditions.
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects attention, impulse control, emotional regulation, and executive functioning skills such as planning, organisation, and time management. Symptoms typically begin in childhood, although some people may not receive a diagnosis until later in life.
Anxiety, on the other hand, is the mind and body’s response to perceived threat, uncertainty, or danger. Anxiety disorders involve excessive and persistent worry that can interfere with daily life, relationships, work, or school.
Why Are ADHD and Anxiety Often Confused?
Both ADHD and anxiety can cause difficulties with concentration, restlessness, irritability, sleep, and feelings of overwhelm.
For example, a child who appears distracted in class may be struggling to sustain attention due to ADHD, or they may be preoccupied with worries about getting something wrong. Likewise, an adult who procrastinates may be avoiding a task because they find it difficult to organise themselves, or because they are anxious about making a mistake.
The behaviour may look similar, but the reason behind it can be very different.
ADHD vs Anxiety: What Are the Clues?
People with ADHD often struggle with attention even when they feel calm. They may be easily distracted, forgetful, disorganised, or find it difficult to prioritise and complete tasks. Impulsivity, fidgeting, and emotional regulation difficulties are also common.
People with anxiety tend to experience difficulty concentrating because their attention is occupied by worry. They may find themselves constantly thinking about what could go wrong, feeling tense or on edge, seeking reassurance, or avoiding situations that make them anxious. Physical symptoms such as muscle tension, headaches, nausea, a racing heart, or difficulty relaxing are also common.
Can You Have Both?
Yes. In fact, ADHD and anxiety commonly occur together.
For some people, the ongoing challenges associated with ADHD, such as forgetting things, missing deadlines, struggling academically, or finding relationships difficult, can contribute to stress and anxiety over time.
At the same time, anxiety can make ADHD symptoms feel worse by making it harder to concentrate, organise tasks, make decisions, and manage everyday responsibilities.
Why Assessment Matters
Because ADHD and anxiety overlap in many ways, it is important not to rely on symptoms alone.
A comprehensive assessment looks at your developmental history, current symptoms, daily functioning, and the underlying reasons those symptoms are occurring. The goal is to understand whether difficulties are related to ADHD, anxiety, both conditions, or something else entirely.
Learn MoreADHD Assessments for Children: What Actually Happens, Step by Step?
If you’re wondering whether your child may have ADHD, it’s natural to have questions about what the assessment process involves. Many parents are unsure what happens during an ADHD assessment, who is involved, or what information is needed to reach a diagnosis.
An ADHD assessment is a comprehensive evaluation designed to determine whether a child meets the criteria for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by persistent difficulties with attention, impulsivity and/or hyperactivity that impact everyday functioning. The assessment process aims not only to identify ADHD, but also to understand how your child is functioning across different environments and whether other factors may be contributing to their difficulties.
Step 1: Speak With Your GP
For many families, the process begins with a visit to their GP. During this appointment, you can discuss any concerns you have about your child’s attention, behaviour, organisation, activity levels, or academic functioning.
Your GP may explore possible medical explanations for the concerns and, where appropriate, provide a referral for a more comprehensive assessment. Depending on the circumstances, this may involve a psychologist, paediatrician, or psychiatrist experienced in ADHD assessments.
Step 2: Comprehensive Assessment and Information Gathering
An ADHD assessment involves gathering information from multiple sources to build a thorough understanding of your child’s development and current functioning.
The process typically includes detailed discussions with parents, caregivers, and the child about developmental history, family history, medical background, learning experiences, and current concerns. Clinicians will often ask about when symptoms began, how frequently they occur, and how they affect your child’s daily life at home, school, and in social settings.
Questionnaires and rating scales are also commonly used. Parents and teachers may be asked to complete standardised assessments that provide information about a child’s attention, behaviour, and executive functioning across different environments. Gathering information from both home and school is an important part of understanding whether difficulties are occurring consistently in multiple settings.
Depending on the child’s presentation, additional assessment measures may also be used to explore areas such as attention, memory, executive functioning, or learning. Clinicians will also consider whether other factors may be contributing to the concerns, including anxiety, learning difficulties, sleep issues, or other developmental or mental health conditions that can sometimes overlap with ADHD symptoms.
Step 3: Review of Results and Diagnostic Decision-Making
Once all information has been collected, the clinician carefully reviews the findings and compares them with established diagnostic criteria.
Rather than relying on a single questionnaire or appointment, the assessment considers information gathered from interviews, rating scales, developmental history, and any additional assessment data. This allows the clinician to determine whether the child’s difficulties are consistent with ADHD and whether there may be other factors that also require consideration.
Step 4: Feedback and Recommendations
Following the assessment, families receive feedback about the results and recommendations for next steps.
This typically includes a comprehensive written report outlining the assessment findings, any diagnosis that may be appropriate, and practical recommendations to support the child at home and school. Recommendations may include educational strategies, behavioural supports, accommodations, further assessment, or referrals to other professionals where needed.
If medication is being considered, families may also work with a paediatrician or child psychiatrist to discuss treatment options and ongoing management.
The Goal of an ADHD Assessment
An ADHD assessment is about much more than determining whether a child has ADHD. The process helps build a clearer picture of a child’s strengths, challenges, learning profile, and support needs.
For many families, the assessment provides valuable insight into why certain difficulties are occurring and offers practical recommendations to help children thrive both at home and at school.
At Back On Track Psychology, our team provides ADHD assessments for children and works closely with families to make the process as clear, supportive, and informative as possible.
Learn MoreHow Do I Get Assessed for ADHD as an Adult?
Many adults reach a point where they start wondering whether ADHD might explain some of the challenges they’ve experienced throughout their lives. Difficulties with attention, organisation, time management, impulsivity, or feeling constantly overwhelmed are common reasons people start exploring an assessment.
If you’re considering an ADHD assessment, understanding the process can help make the next steps feel clearer.
Step 1: Book an Appointment with Your GP
For many adults in Australia, the first step is speaking with a GP.
During the appointment, your GP may:
- Ask about your symptoms and how they affect your work, study, relationships, or daily life
- Discuss your medical and mental health history
- Consider whether other health conditions may be contributing to your concerns
- Ask you to complete an ADHD screening questionnaire
- Provide a referral to a psychologist and/or psychiatrist for further assessment
If you would like to explore medication as part of your treatment options, a psychiatrist is generally required.
Step 2: Attend an ADHD Assessment
An ADHD assessment is a comprehensive evaluation that looks at whether ADHD may be contributing to the difficulties you are experiencing.
The assessment process is designed to build a clear picture of your symptoms, experiences, and functioning across different areas of life.
Depending on the clinician and assessment service, the process may include:
- A detailed clinical interview
- Questions about your childhood and developmental history
- Discussion of current symptoms and their impact on daily life
- Review of family, medical, and mental health history
- Standardised questionnaires and rating scales
- Information from partners, family members, or other relevant supports where appropriate
The aim is not only to assess for ADHD, but also to consider other factors that may contribute to similar symptoms.
Why Does the Assessment Look at Childhood?
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition, which means symptoms typically begin during childhood.
As part of the assessment, you may be asked about:
- School experiences
- Childhood behaviour
- Academic challenges
- Family observations
- Previous reports or assessments
Many adults are surprised by how much attention is given to their earlier years. This information helps clinicians understand whether ADHD symptoms have been present across the lifespan.
What Happens After the Assessment?
Once all information has been gathered, the clinician reviews the results to determine whether the symptoms are consistent with ADHD. If ADHD is diagnosed, recommendations may be provided regarding treatment, supports, workplace or study accommodations, and other strategies that may be helpful.
Many adults seek an assessment after years of wondering why certain aspects of life seem more difficult than they appear to be for others. For some, the process provides answers they have been searching for for a long time.
If you’re considering an ADHD assessment, our team can help you understand the process and determine the most appropriate next steps.
Learn MoreWPATH Assessment – Melbourne
A WPATH assessment is a comprehensive psychological assessment that aims to support trans and gender-diverse people seeking access to gender-affirming medical care, including hormone therapy and surgical interventions. Guided by the internationally recognised Sta
The assessment process typically includes a detailed exploration of your gender identity and lived experience, your personal and developmental history, and your current mental health and wellbeing. We also discuss your goals for medical intervention, your expectations of treatment outcomes, and your understanding of the potential benefits, risks, and limitations associated with different options. Where relevant, we may explore factors such as social supports, coping strategies, and any mental health or neurodevelopmental considerations, to ensure that care is tailored to your individual context. Our approach is grounded in neuro-affirming and inclusive practice, with a strong emphasis on inclusivity, informed consent, and individual context. We recognise that each person’s journey is unique, and we work alongside you to ensure that the process feels supportive, transparent, and aligned with your needs. The number of sessions required can vary based on individual circumstances and the requirements of the surgeon or medical provider involved. Following this, we can provide a formal report or letter to support referrals for medical interventions where appropriate.
Forensic Psychological Assessments – Melbourne
Independent Expert Opinion for Legal and Court Matters
At Back on Track Psychology, we provide forensic psychological assessments in Melbourne that assist courts, lawyers, tribunals, and government bodies to understand the psychological factors associated with offending, mental illness, substance use, and rehabilitation.
Our assessments offer independent clinical opinions grounded in empirical research, and are conducted by experienced forensic psychologists who understand the sensitivities and complexities of the justice system.
Comprehensive Risk and Forensic Assessments
We assess a range of psychological and behavioural factors relevant to offending, including:
- Developmental and psychosocial history
- Mental health and cognitive functioning
- Personality, coping skills and emotional regulation
- Drug and alcohol use
- Insight, empathy and remorse
- Criminogenic risk factors and protective factors
- Motivation for rehabilitation
We also provide expert opinion on treatment needs, risk of reoffending, and readiness for community reintegration.
Offence-Specific Psychological Assessments
We offer tailored forensic assessments for a wide range of offences:
✦ Sexual Offences
Clients charged with sexual offences often face high levels of stigma, social isolation, and mental health challenges. Our psychologists offer confidential, trauma-informed, and evidence-based assessments, including the use of structured risk assessment tools such as the STATIC-99R and RSVP.
We also provide offence-specific treatment used within both community and correctional settings, to support rehabilitation and reduce recidivism risk.
✦ Driving Offences
From drink-driving and licence breaches to culpable driving causing death, we provide psychological assessments to clarify the role of mental health, substance use, trauma, and risk in the offending behaviour.
We also offer tailored psychological treatment to support insight development, trauma recovery, and relapse prevention, particularly for individuals struggling with grief or psychological distress after a driving offence.
✦ Violent Offences
We conduct in-depth assessments of individuals charged with violent offences, including family violence, assaults, and even acts of terrorism.
Our assessments explore early life experiences, substance use, trauma, and mental health. We use validated violence risk tools such as the HCR-20v3, and provide clear, structured clinical opinions to aid legal decision-making around sentencing, parole, and rehabilitation.
✦ Drug and Alcohol Offences
Forensic assessments of substance-related offending examine the interaction between addiction, trauma, mental health and criminal behaviour. We have extensive experience treating and assessing individuals who misuse alcohol, methamphetamines, cannabis, and other substances—often with co-occurring psychiatric conditions.
We collaborate with medical professionals where required and can recommend or deliver therapeutic interventions for substance use and relapse prevention.
✦ Immigration & Character Assessments
Our psychologists are experienced in preparing reports for the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) and Department of Home Affairs regarding risk of recidivism, character references, and psychological functioning relevant to visa and residency matters.
We take care to ensure assessments are culturally sensitive and informed by validated risk and personality tools. Our findings can support character references, non-refoulement claims, and visa appeals.
✦ Other Offences and Custom Reports
Our team also provides assessments across a wide range of other offence types, including arson, stalking, harassment, and public order offences. Each assessment is tailored to the referral question and conducted with utmost professionalism and care.
Referral Process & Important Notes
We welcome referrals from:
- Lawyers and legal representatives
- Courts and tribunals
- Parole and correctional services
- Government and statutory bodies
🔺 Please note:
- We do not accept self-referrals for forensic assessments.
- All forensic referrals must come through a lawyer or official representative.
- Due to ethical, legal, and clinical considerations, some referrals may not be accepted following an initial screening of the case information.
We are committed to maintaining the independence and integrity of our assessments and reserve the right to decline a referral where appropriate.
Learn MoreMedico-Legal Assessments Melbourne
Expert Neuropsychological Opinions for Legal and Insurance Matters
At Back on Track Psychology, we provide high-quality, independent medico-legal neuropsychological assessments in Melbourne to support legal, insurance, and occupational matters. Our team has extensive experience in preparing detailed expert reports that clarify the relationship between cognitive functioning and a person’s ability to work, make decisions, or engage in daily life following illness or injury.
These reports are designed to assist courts, insurers, lawyers, and tribunals in understanding the cognitive, emotional, and functional impact of neurological or psychological conditions.
When Is a Medico-Legal Assessment Required?
Our neuropsychologists in Melbourne are frequently engaged to provide expert opinions in the following legal contexts:
- Personal injury claims (e.g. TAC, WorkCover)
- Income protection and Total and Permanent Disability (TPD) insurance
- Fitness for duty / return to work assessments
- Criminal matters (e.g. mental impairment, fitness to plead)
- Guardianship or financial management decisions
- Testamentary capacity (legal capacity to make a will)
We accept referrals from:
- Lawyers
- Insurance companies
- Employers
- Courts and tribunals
⚠️ Please note: We are unable to accept self-referrals for medico-legal assessments to maintain our independence and objectivity.
What’s Involved in a Medico-Legal Neuropsychological Assessment?
A typical medico-legal neuropsychological assessment includes:
- A comprehensive clinical interview
- Administration of standardised, evidence-based cognitive and psychological tests
- Review of medical records and other relevant documentation
- Collateral information, where appropriate, from family, carers or professionals
- Optional provision of expert witness testimony in court
Our assessments evaluate domains such as:
- Memory and attention
- Executive functioning and problem-solving
- Mental health and emotional functioning
- Work capacity and insight
- Decision-making and cognitive capacity
Following the assessment, we provide a thorough and independent expert report that directly addresses the legal questions posed, including:
- Diagnosis
- Causation
- Prognosis
- Functional capacity
- Rehabilitation or treatment recommendations
Types of Medico-Legal Reports We Offer
We tailor each assessment to suit the legal context. Common types include:
Personal Injury and Compensation
Evaluating cognitive and emotional impacts following brain injury, trauma, or psychological harm due to workplace accidents, motor vehicle accidents, or public liability claims.
Fitness for Duty / Return to Work
Providing expert opinion on whether an employee is cognitively and psychologically capable of returning to work after illness or injury.
Capacity and Competency
Determining whether someone has the capacity to make legal, medical, or financial decisions, often in relation to guardianship, powers of attorney, or testamentary capacity.
Criminal and Forensic Evaluations
Assessing cognitive impairment, mental illness, or intellectual disability to support questions of criminal responsibility, risk, or sentencing mitigation.
Learn MorePersonality Assessments in Melbourne
Clinical & Workplace Applications
At Back on Track Psychology, we offer comprehensive personality assessments in Melbourne to support both clinical diagnosis and personal or career development. Our assessments are administered by qualified psychologists with extensive experience across medical, psychiatric, forensic, and workplace settings.
Clinical Personality Assessments – Understand Your Mental Health
Personality assessments are powerful diagnostic tools that help individuals and referring doctors better understand the root causes of psychological distress. Whether you’re experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety, personality disorders, trauma-related issues, or psychosis, a structured personality evaluation can provide deeper insight into your emotional functioning and long-standing personality traits.
We use gold-standard psychometric tools such as:
- MMPI-2-RF (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory)
- PAI (Personality Assessment Inventory)
- MCMI-IV (Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory)
These assessments can help:
- Differentiate between complex or overlapping mental health presentations
- Clarify diagnostic questions (e.g., Borderline vs. Bipolar Disorder)
- Provide tailored treatment recommendations for you or your therapist
- Support reports for medical, legal or psychiatric purposes (e.g. NDIS, TAC, courts)
What to expect: You’ll attend an interview with a psychologist, complete evidence-based questionnaires, and receive a comprehensive feedback session. We also provide detailed reports to support your GP, psychiatrist, or legal team if required.
Personality Profiling for Careers, Employment & Self-Discovery
We also offer personality profiling for self-development, career exploration, and workplace success. These assessments are ideal for individuals, professionals, and organisations seeking to understand interpersonal styles, leadership tendencies, motivation, and job fit.
Whether you’re:
- A professional navigating a career change
- A young adult exploring career direction post-school or uni
- A business leader wanting to build high-functioning teams
- A coach or HR professional seeking job-personality alignment tools
… our personality assessments can help uncover your values, strengths, blind spots, and ideal work environments.
For Employers: We offer tailored reports, debrief sessions, and behavioural interview guides based on personality profiles. Whether you’re recruiting, building teams, or managing leadership succession, our psychologists can support your decision-making with robust and ethical assessment practices.
Learn MoreMemory and Dementia Assessment in Melbourne
When Is a Memory Assessment Needed?
Occasional forgetfulness like misplacing your keys or forgetting someone’s name is normal. But if memory lapses become more frequent, interfere with daily life, or are accompanied by changes in thinking, problem-solving, or personality, it could signal something more serious.
A memory assessment is recommended when:
- You or someone close to you has noticed ongoing memory difficulties
- There are concerns about mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
- You’re worried about dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, or age-related cognitive decline
- You’re experiencing brain fog, word-finding issues, or difficulties learning new things
- You have health anxiety about developing dementia or a neurological illness
Early assessment allows for early intervention, planning, and support—and can provide peace of mind if no condition is identified.
Benefits for Geriatricians and Neurologists:
- Objective baseline data for longitudinal tracking
- Clear, structured reports for diagnosis confirmation
- Tailored cognitive profiles to guide medication and intervention
- Identification of co-occurring conditions such as depression, anxiety, or health-related cognitive symptoms
- Inform return-to-work, driving, or capacity decisions
We’re committed to clear communication and timely feedback. With consent, we liaise directly with your referring team to ensure our findings integrate seamlessly into your care plans.
What Happens During a Memory Assessment?
Our memory assessments are conducted by registered clinical neuropsychologists and involve the following:
- Clinical Interview: We gather detailed information about your history, lifestyle, medical background, and current concerns.
- Cognitive Testing: Standardised neuropsychological tests assess:
- Memory (short-term, long-term, verbal and visual)
- Attention and concentration
- Executive functioning (planning, organisation, problem-solving)
- Language and word-finding
- Processing speed
- Mood, anxiety, and psychological wellbeing
- Feedback and Report: You’ll receive a comprehensive report with findings, a clear explanation of results, and practical, individualised recommendations. A feedback session with your neuropsychologist is included.
We collaborate with your GP, geriatrician, or neurologist to support integrated care, further investigations (e.g. MRI, blood tests), or treatment planning.
Understanding Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a condition where a person experiences greater memory or thinking difficulties than expected for their age—but not severe enough to interfere significantly with daily life.
MCI can be:
- Amnestic: Mainly affecting memory
- Non-amnestic: Affecting other thinking skills like attention or executive functioning
While MCI increases the risk of developing dementia, not everyone with MCI progresses to dementia. Some people even improve. Neuropsychological assessment helps clarify the picture and guide early supports.
Types of Dementia We Assess
Our team is experienced in diagnosing and differentiating between types of dementia, including:
- Alzheimer’s Disease
The most common form of dementia, characterised by gradual memory loss, word-finding difficulty, disorientation, and changes in behaviour. - Vascular Dementia
Caused by reduced blood flow to the brain, often due to stroke, high blood pressure, or diabetes. Symptoms may appear suddenly or progress stepwise. - Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB)
Presents with cognitive fluctuations, visual hallucinations, Parkinsonian symptoms, and REM sleep disturbances. - Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)
Affects younger individuals more often (50s–60s), with early changes in personality, social behaviour, or language. - Parkinson’s Disease Dementia & Huntington’s Disease
Neurodegenerative disorders that often involve memory, movement, and mood changes.
Each type of dementia requires a different treatment, communication style, and planning pathway—making accurate diagnosis crucial.
Health Anxiety and Memory Worries
It’s not uncommon to worry about memory loss, especially if you’ve seen a loved one experience dementia. But not all memory concerns are due to dementia. Memory difficulties can be caused by:
- Stress or burnout
- Depression or anxiety
- Sleep problems
- Vitamin deficiencies
- Medication effects
- Thyroid issues
We also work with individuals experiencing health anxiety, who are worried about “losing their mind” or getting dementia in the future. A comprehensive neuropsychological assessment can offer reassurance or clarify when early supports may be helpful.
Learn MoreFunctional Behaviour Assessment (FBA) & Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) in Melbourne
At Back on Track Psychology, we specialise in Functional Behaviour Assessment (FBA) and Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) services across Melbourne and surrounding areas. These services are particularly helpful for individuals with autism, intellectual disability, or other neurodevelopmental conditions, and are often a critical step in gaining access to NDIS-funded behaviour support.
Our approach is guided by the belief that behaviour is meaningful and that everyone deserves to be understood, respected, and supported to thrive.
What Is a Functional Behaviour Assessment (FBA)?
A Functional Behaviour Assessment is a structured process used to understand the purpose behind behaviours of concern. Rather than simply trying to eliminate a behaviour, we seek to understand why it is occurring—so we can replace it with positive, functionally equivalent behaviours that improve the person’s quality of life.
Common Behaviour Functions Identified in FBA:
- Escape/Avoidance: Trying to get out of unwanted tasks or situations (e.g. resisting toileting).
- Access to Tangibles: Seeking access to preferred items or activities (e.g. demanding snacks or iPads).
- Attention Seeking: Wanting connection or interaction (e.g. yelling to get noticed).
- Automatic/Sensory: Behaviour that is internally reinforcing (e.g. rocking or humming).
The FBA Process at Back on Track Psychology:
- Indirect Assessment: Interviews with carers, educators, and other key supports.
- Direct Observation: In-home, school, or community-based observation of the behaviours in context.
- (Optional) Functional Analysis: A more structured experimental approach used in complex cases.
Every FBA leads to the development of a Behaviour Support Plan based on the specific function of the behaviour.
What Is Positive Behaviour Support (PBS)?
Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) is a person-centred and evidence-based approach designed to reduce behaviours of concern and promote meaningful, long-term improvements in quality of life. It is the gold-standard model of behaviour support under the NDIS Quality and Safeguards Commission and is a central part of our practice at Back on Track Psychology.
Core Principles of PBS:
- Person-Centred: Focused on the individual’s values, culture, and goals.
- Improves Quality of Life: Enhances participation, autonomy, and relationships.
- Rooted in Functional Behaviour Assessment: Addresses why behaviours occur.
- Individualised Support Plans: Tailored strategies that teach new skills and prevent behaviours of concern.
- Reduces Restrictive Practices: Focuses on proactive strategies and only uses restrictions as a last resort.
- Evidence-Based: Draws from the latest research in behavioural psychology.
- Collaborative: Involves families, educators, and allied health teams in consistent support planning.
What Are Behaviours of Concern?
Behaviours of concern are actions that pose a risk to the safety or wellbeing of the person or others around them. These behaviours can significantly impact school, home, and community participation—and may signal unmet needs or distress.
Examples of behaviours of concern include:
- Physical aggression (e.g. hitting, biting)
- Verbal aggression (e.g. yelling, threats)
- Self-injury (e.g. head-banging, skin-picking)
- Withdrawal and social isolation
- Property damage
- Illegal or risky behaviours
Understanding the function of these behaviours is the first step toward meaningful and compassionate support.
Learn MoreSpecific Learning Disorder Assessments in Melbourne
Educational Assessments for Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, and Dyscalculia
At Back on Track Psychology, we offer comprehensive assessments for Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) in children, adolescents, and young adults. Our experienced team of psychologists in Melbourne specialise in identifying and differentiating between learning difficulties such as dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia through evidence-based, individualised psychoeducational assessments.
What Is a Specific Learning Disorder (SLD)?
Specific Learning Disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects a person’s ability to acquire or use academic skills efficiently. It is a form of neurodivergence and is not explained by low intelligence, lack of motivation, or external factors like poor schooling or psychosocial adversity.
SLDs can impact different academic domains, including:
- Dyslexia – Persistent difficulties with reading accuracy, fluency, or comprehension.
- Dysgraphia – Challenges with written expression, including spelling, grammar, and handwriting.
- Dyscalculia – Difficulties with number sense, memorisation of arithmetic facts, and mathematical reasoning.
At Back on Track Psychology, we go a step further by differentiating between the subtypes of dyslexia and dysgraphia:
- Phonological dyslexia – Difficulty decoding sounds within words.
- Orthographic dyslexia – Difficulty recognising whole words and spelling patterns.
- Motor dysgraphia – Poor fine motor skills impacting handwriting.
- Language-based dysgraphia – Difficulty translating thoughts into written language.
This level of detail ensures that interventions are not only targeted but also tailored to the unique learning profile of each child.
Why an Educational Assessment Matters
We provide SLD assessments in Melbourne that evaluate both cognitive abilities and academic performance. This includes:
- Standardised IQ and academic testing
- Evaluation of reading, writing, spelling, and mathematics
- Assessment of working memory, processing speed, and executive functioning
- Review of developmental, emotional, and educational history
These assessments help determine whether a child’s academic challenges meet the diagnostic criteria for a Specific Learning Disorder under the DSM-5.
Benefits of Early Identification and Diagnosis
A formal diagnosis of an SLD opens the door to essential educational supports, including:
- Individual Learning Plans (ILPs) and targeted Tier-3 interventions
- Special Consideration in school exams, including NAPLAN and VCE
- Access to school-based support services, tutors, and funding
- Improved understanding and self-esteem for the child
Our detailed assessment reports are recognised by schools, allied health teams, and government services, providing a strong foundation for advocacy and tailored intervention planning.
We’re passionate about supporting neurodivergent learners to thrive. Our psychologists bring advanced training and experience in:
- Educational and developmental psychology
- SLD diagnosis and differentiation
- Strength-based, trauma-informed approaches
- Collaborating with schools and families for practical, real-world outcomes
Whether you’re seeking a dyslexia assessment in Melbourne, exploring concerns about dysgraphia or dyscalculia, or needing clarity on your child’s learning profile, we’re here to help.
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